Starting with yourself, or a deceased parent or grandparent, work systematically backward one generation at a time to organize what you know and to fill in facts and information that you are lacking.
1. Organize What You Know
- Pedigree chart or Ahnentafel
- Think hard about who should be 1. on the chart (perhaps not a living person)
- Person x 2 = Father
- Person x 2 + 1 = Mother
- Divide to go backward
- The numbering is the same for a pedigree chart or Ahnentafel
- Fill in everything that you can, even "guess-timates," especially for post-1930 information
- 1930 is the latest federal census we can access (72-year lag)
- WPA transcriptions of birth, marriage and death records to 1920 or so may be the latest available online, in print, etc.
- Family Group Record
- Create a family group record for each couple on the pedigree chart or Ahnentafel
- Fill in all that you can, especially post-1930 information
- Resources
- Once you have organized what you already know, you can see the gaps and start filling in the information that is missing.
2. Add Information (Informal)
3. Add Information (Formal)
- Record types
- Vital records (birth, death)
- Marriage and divorce records
- Church records
- Population schedules, U.S. census (every ten years, 1790-1930)
- 1790-1840, only head of household enumerated by name
- 1850-1930, entire household enumerated by name
- Additional federal census schedules (mortality schedules, agricultural schedules, etc.) may be of interest
- Social Security records
- Military records
- Probate, funeral home and cemetery records
- Tax, property and deed records
- Published books on family history, county history, etc.
- Published compilations of vital records, church records, census indexes, etc.
- Newspapers
- Directories
- Personal or family records: diaries, journals, letters, reunion scrapbooks, clippings, baby books, photographs, etc.
- Special records
- Where are these records?
- The originals of most civil and church records are not yet available online.
- Find indexes or transcribed entries in print or online, request the original and compare the information.
- Originals may be with the state, the county or another repository.
- Subscription databases
- Ancestry (Library Edition) is available at Princeton Public Library.
- Personal subscriptions are available to Genealogy Library (Genealogy.com), GenealogyBank.com, Footnote.com, WorldVitalRecords.com, etc.
- LDS Family History Centers may offer free access to subscription databases.
- Check the database's reputation before accepting a trial subscription, especially if they take credit card information.
- Member databases
- Free databases
- Microforms and printed material
- Libraries; for example, New York Public Library (Research Libraries, 42nd St.) and New Jersey State Library
- Or ask your local public library to obtain material by Interlibrary Loan
- LDS Family History Centers (microforms & databases)
- Look-up volunteers (generally USGenWeb sites)
- Digitized books
4. Evaluate the Sources and the Information
- Digitized resources and databases
- Images of books, records, etc. may contain incorrect information; but they are exact pictures of the original information.
- Transcriptions of books, records, etc. may introduce errors (typos, incorrect transcription of difficult handwriting, etc.).
- Indexes may be incomplete or inaccurate or both
- Bad OCR (Optical Character Recognition) for digital images
- Bad, careless, too rapid manual indexing
- Contributed information
- The information is only as good as the contributor
- Has the contributor cited a source?
- Potential value: it may be easier to verify or refute contributed information than to have no information at all
- The Genealogical Proof Standard (Board for Certification of Genealogists)
5. Decisions
- Will you use genealogy software?
- GEDCOM software is a tool. The same genealogy standards apply whether the work is done manually, on word processing software, in HTML / XML, or in a GEDCOM program.
- Software & Computers (Cyndi's List)
- GEDCOM Explained (Dick Eastman, Ancestry.com)
- How will you document your work?
- How will you share your work?
Last revised: February 3, 2010
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